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Nowseore  
#1 Posted : Wednesday, July 27, 2022 9:56:34 AM(UTC)
Nowseore

Rank: Advanced Member

Groups: Registered
Joined: 3/24/2022(UTC)
Posts: 95
United States

Custom Lithium Ion Battery Pack

Batteries are so ubiquitous today that they are not visible to us. In cars drones, digital cameras bulbs, mechanical tools such as inverters, ships airplanes, trains and windmills, as well as in satellites. The fundamental science behind the battery is the conversion of chemical energy that is converted into electrical energy. It is composed of three major components: Cathode, Anode and Electrolyte. The battery's evolution over time has been by way of various chemical combinations and applications. Beginning with Voltaic Pile and progressing to Daniell Cell, then from Lead-Acid to Nickel Cadmium battery, becoming an Alkaline Battery Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) and eventually to Lithium-ion batteries. They come in various sizes and shapes to meet the requirements, as well as its possible power capacity.

Working: The Lithium-ion batteries pack is composed of graphite oxygen, metal and, of course, lithium that runs on a loop of charging and discharging. When it produces energy, the lithium returns toward the positive anode over the electrolyte. During it is charging the ions travel towards positively anode. The cycle continues throughout the time and decreases the power of the ions to provide an electric charge. The lithium-ion battery has 25Wh/kg (Watt-hours for each kg) of energy whereas NiMH only has 90Wh/kg. This is an enormous contrast for a compact portable, quiet rechargeable battery.

Concern Parameters: The 10 parameters the development of a Lithium-ion battery includes include the highest specific energy level, precise power, reasonable cost, longer lifespan more safety, greater temperatures operating temperature ranges, safe and fast charging, lower self-discharge , and longer shelf lifespan. At the beginning that were in the beginning, the price of Li-ion batteries was around $3000 per kWh. the lead acid battery cost $150 for kWh. However, over time due to the numerous advantages of Li-ion batteries having a higher power output of 150Wh/kg than NiMH battery, the price is drastically decreasing, ranging from $150 to $240 for a kWh. Tesla's aim is to hit $100 per kWh in lithium-ion batteries for automobiles.

NEW ERA: In 2005 the year 2005, there was about $4900mil of sales of lithium-ion batteries , however in 2015, the number has increased to $15200mil, with $4800mil for automotive only. The forecast is for 10% of the number of vehicles in the market to be electric vehicles powered by batteries by 2020, up from 0.3 percent today, and then 35 percent in 2035. The rate is higher rate of growth for China, Europe, and Japan as compared to US. The statistics show that they will be using 1900TWh for a Li-ion batteries by 2035. That's equivalent to powering the whole of the US for 160 days.

Future: There's much to be developed in the battery technology since over the years , we've yet to created anything more than Custom Lithium Ion Battery Pack that can be configured in series or parallel to provide the required voltage and power density as well as capacity. We have certainly changed the composition and proportion of the mix of raw materials in order to increase the capacity, but there's still a lot of work to be completed in battery technology. The goals are to go more than 700Wh/kg, which is a significant increase from the 400Wh/kg currently. In 2020 75 percent of batteries are predicted to have cobalt at least in some form, in addition to better anodes as well as enhancing electrolytes.
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